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Triolena sp., erect dry capsular fruits opening horizontally at the top and allowing rain splash dispersal, Iquitos, Peru
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Macrocentrum cristatum, upwards horizontally open cup capsular fruits allowing rain splash dispersal of the tiny seeds, Nouragues CNRS field station, French Guyana
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Gravesia mangorensis on earth bank, erect rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, Andasibe, Madagascar
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Gravesia mangorensis, dry capsular horizontally top opening fruit allowing rain splash seed dispersal, Andasibe, Madagascar
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Gravesia sp. on vertical mossy earth bank, erect mature rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, Moramanga, Madagascar, Photo by Bernard Riera
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Gravesia sp., erect mature five and four parted rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, Moramanga, Madagascar, Photo by Bernard Riera
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Phyllagathis sp., probably a new species, dry quadrangular cup shaped capsule allowing seed rain splash dispersal and conspicuous hypanthial glandular emergences, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Phyllagathis hispida, upwards rain splash capsular fruits, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
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Phyllagathis hispida, upwards rain splash capsular fruits surrounded by hairy sepals, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
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Phyllagathis cf. tonkinensis, infructescence with upwards oriented rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, close up, Ba Na Hills, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Sonerila annamica, erect rain splash seed dispersal capsules and hairy leaves, Ba Na Hills, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Sonerila integrifolia, flowers and erect dry rain splash seed dispersal capsules, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
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Sonerila integrifolia, flowers and maturing hairy capsules, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
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Sonerila obliqua, fruiting individual, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Sonerila obliqua, rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Sonerila obliqua, rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, horizontally upwards oriented with three valves, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Calvoa orientalis, monochasial helicoidal cymose inflorescence with maturing fruits and flower buds at the top, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Calvoa orientalis, horizontally opening capsular fruits allowing rain splash dispersal of the seeds, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Calvoa orientalis, maturing fleshy and mature dry capsules, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Gesneria humilis, erect fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria humilis on rocks in its rheophytic habitat, flower and erect fleshy rainsplash seed dispersal capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria humilis, flower and erect fleshy capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria salicifolia, upwards opening fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsules, Baracoa, Cuba
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Gesneria salicifolia,upwards opening fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsule, Baracoa, Cuba
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Episcia xantha, top open fleshy capsular fruits allowing rain splash dispersal of the small seeds, Saul, French Guyana
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Monophyllaea horsfieldii, seeds germinating inside the upwards opening rain splash seed dispersal capsule
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Monophyllaea horsfieldii, seeds germinating at the top of the rain splash capsule, one cotyledon already bigger than the other one for each plantlet
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Stauranthera grandiflora, flower and maturing fruits protected by enlarging sepals, Tioman, Malaysia
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Stauranthera grandiflora, rain splash upwards fleshy capsular fruit with seeds not dispersed by rain and germinating inside, probably facing an uncertain future, Tioman, Malaysia
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Mitella stylosa, rain splash seed dispersal from cup shaped capsular fruits, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Neohymenopogon parasiticus, refringent light brown marcescent bracts, thus not enlarged sepals as in Mussaenda, upwards opening capsules, Doi Inthanon NP, 2300 m asl, Thailand
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Rhododendron caespitosum, dry open capsules, Habbema lake, Wamena, West Papua
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Aeonium aureum, young rosettes and old dead fruiting monocarpic individuals, Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands
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Dorcoceras (syn. Boea) philippense, mature twisted capsules, close up, Lemo, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi
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Streptocarpus goetzei, twisted capsules allowing wind and rain dispersal of the tiny seeds Zomba, Malawi
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus in a rock fissure, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, twisted capsular fruits, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, characteristic twisted capsular fruits, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, typical twisted capsule allowing wind and rain dispersal of the dust seeds, Mt Usambara, Tanzania
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Microchirita purpurea, upwards capsular fruits, Chanthaburi, Thailand