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Sonerila integrifolia, flowers and maturing hairy capsules, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
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Sonerila obliqua, fruiting individual, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Sonerila obliqua, rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Sonerila obliqua, rain splash seed dispersal capsular fruits, horizontally upwards oriented with three valves, Harau valley, West Sumatra
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Calvoa orientalis, monochasial helicoidal cymose inflorescence with maturing fruits and flower buds at the top, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Calvoa orientalis, horizontally opening capsular fruits allowing rain splash dispersal of the seeds, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Calvoa orientalis, maturing fleshy and mature dry capsules, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Gesneria humilis, erect fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria humilis on rocks in its rheophytic habitat, flower and erect fleshy rainsplash seed dispersal capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria humilis, flower and erect fleshy capsules, Las Terrazas, Cuba
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Gesneria salicifolia, upwards opening fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsules, Baracoa, Cuba
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Gesneria salicifolia,upwards opening fleshy rain splash seed dispersal capsule, Baracoa, Cuba
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Episcia xantha, top open fleshy capsular fruits allowing rain splash dispersal of the small seeds, Saul, French Guyana
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Monophyllaea horsfieldii, seeds germinating inside the upwards opening rain splash seed dispersal capsule
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Monophyllaea horsfieldii, seeds germinating at the top of the rain splash capsule, one cotyledon already bigger than the other one for each plantlet
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Stauranthera grandiflora, flower and maturing fruits protected by enlarging sepals, Tioman, Malaysia
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Stauranthera grandiflora, rain splash upwards fleshy capsular fruit with seeds not dispersed by rain and germinating inside, probably facing an uncertain future, Tioman, Malaysia
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Mitella stylosa, rain splash seed dispersal from cup shaped capsular fruits, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Neohymenopogon parasiticus, refringent light brown marcescent bracts, thus not enlarged sepals as in Mussaenda, upwards opening capsules, Doi Inthanon NP, 2300 m asl, Thailand
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Rhododendron caespitosum, dry open capsules, Habbema lake, Wamena, West Papua
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Aeonium aureum, young rosettes and old dead fruiting monocarpic individuals, Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands
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Dorcoceras (syn. Boea) philippense, mature twisted capsules, close up, Lemo, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi
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Streptocarpus goetzei, twisted capsules allowing wind and rain dispersal of the tiny seeds Zomba, Malawi
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus in a rock fissure, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, twisted capsular fruits, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, characteristic twisted capsular fruits, Amani, East Usambara, Tanzania
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Streptocarpus glandulosissimus, typical twisted capsule allowing wind and rain dispersal of the dust seeds, Mt Usambara, Tanzania
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Microchirita purpurea, upwards capsular fruits, Chanthaburi, Thailand
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Codonoboea pectinata, boat shaped maturing capsules, Selangor, Malaysia
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Streptocarpus (syn. Hovanella and Didymocarpus) vestitus, boat shaped capsule allowing rain seed dispersal, Mantadia, Madagascar
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Peperomia cobana, anthocyanic abaxial leaf and infructescence with mature hooked achenes, Parque Ecologico Chichel, Quiche, Guatemala
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Peperomia cobana, epizoochory illustrated by mature hooked achenes on fleshy reddish spadix, Parque Ecologico Chichel, Quiche, Guatemala
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Peperomia magnoliifolia, tiny hooked achenes allowing epizoochorous animal dispersal and fixation to tree barks and mosses, Monts Caraibes, Guadeloupe
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Peperomia magnoliifolia, tiny hooked achenes allowing epizoochorous animal dispersal, Monts Caraibes, Guadeloupe
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Procris wightiana, tiny pointed achenes at the periphery of a fleshy structure originating in fusion of inflorescence peduncle and petals, Western Ghats, India
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Girardinia bullosa, achenes protected by accrescent perigone covered by dense stinging hairs, Bale NP, Ethiopia
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Schizaea elegans, hanging exserted sori distributed around the frond, Iquitos, Peru
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Woodwardia harlandii, frond, Ba Na Hills, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Woodwardia harlandii, upper surface of fertile frond with upwards long bulks due to the deeply impressed sori on the lower surface, Ba Na Hills, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Woodwardia harlandii, sori, Ba Na Hills, Da Nang, Vietnam